Perishable agricultural products are high-moisture commodities characterized by rapid postharvest biodegradation and inherently short shelf lives. In developing nations, postharvest losses along the perishable value chain frequently range from 30% to over 50% due to systemic infrastructure deficits and improper handling.

Unlike durables, perishables are highly vulnerable to mechanical stress, rapid microbial colonization, and accelerated tissue breakdown. Managing these commodities requires rapid handling, protective packaging, specialized curing, or temperature-controlled logistics to preserve freshness and minimize economic losses.